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This research examined the social interactions of online game players based on the proposed motivation model in order to understand the transitions of motivation of online game. The authors also separated samples into four categories to compare the difference of different type of online game players.

This study proposed a motivation model for online game player based on existence–relatedness–growth theory. The authors also analyze the transitions of motivations via first-order and second-order Markov chain switching model to obtain the journey of online to offline socialization.

Teamwork–socialization players preferred to make friends in their online gaming network to socialize. Competition–socialization players were mostly students who played games to compete and socialize and may share experience in online or offline activities. Teamwork–mechanics players purely derived pleasure from gaming and were not motivated by other factors in their gaming activities. Competition–mechanics players may already have friends with other gamers in real life.

More samples can be added to generate more generalizable findings and the proposed motivation model can be extended by other motivations related to online gaming behavior. The authors proposed a motivation model for online to offline socialization and separated online game players into four categories: teamwork–socialization, competition–socialization, teamwork–mechanics and competition–mechanics. The category of teamwork–socialization may contribute to online to offline socialization area. The category of competition–mechanics may add value to the area of traditional offline socialization. The categories of competition–socialization and teamwork–mechanics may help extant literature understand critical stimulus for online gaming behavior.

The authors’ findings can help online gaming industry understand the motivation journey of players through transition. Different types of online games may have various online game player's journey that can assist companies in improving the quality of online games. Online game companies can also offer official community to players for further interaction and experience exchange or the platform for offline activities in the physical environment.

This research proposed a novel motivation model to examine online to offline socializing behavior for online game research. The motivations in model were interconnected via the support of literature. The authors also integrated motivations by Markov chain switching model to obtain the transitions of motivational status. It is also the first attempt to analyze first-order and second-order Markov chain switching model for analysis. The authors’ research examined the interconnected relationships among motivations in addition to the influential factors to online gaming behavior from previous research. The results may contribute to extend the understanding of online to offline socialization in online gaming literature.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of application of a heat pipe in an aspect of hydrostatic thrust bearings on thermal balance and deformation and the role of this application in increasing the rotating speed of a workbench.

Numerical simulations of oil film temperature field, the temperature field and thermal deformation of the bearing’s workbench and base were performed by finite element analysis (FEA) software for both the traditional hydrostatic thrust bearings and the heat pipe ones.

Oil pad and workbench of the hydrostatic thrust bearings are fabricated with a heat pipe cooling structure, which can take away most of the heat generated by shearing of the oil film, control the temperature rise and thermal deformation of the hydrostatic thrust bearing effectively, avoid the dry friction phenomenon and finally improve the processing quality of equipment.

The heat pipe hydrostatic thrust bearings could control the temperature rise and thermal deformation of the hydrostatic thrust bearing effectively, avoid the dry friction phenomenon and improve the processing quality of equipment.

This study aims to solve the problems of ambiguous localization, large calculation, poor real-time and limited applicability of bolt thread defect detection.

First, the acquired ultrasound image is used to acquire the larger area of the image, which is set as the compliant threaded area. Second, based on the determined coordinates of the center point in each selected region, the set of coordinates on the left and right sides of the bolts is acquired by DBSCAN method with parameters eps and MinPts, which is determined by data set dimension D and the k-distance curve. Finally, the defect detection boundary line fitting is completed using the acquired coordinate set, and the relationship between the distance from each detection point to the curve and d, which is obtained from the measurement of the standard bolt sample with known thread defect, is used to locate the bolt thread defect simultaneously.

In this paper, the bolt thread defect detection method with ultrasonic image is proposed; meanwhile, the ultrasonic image acquisition system is designed to complete the real-time localization of bolt thread defects.

The detection results show that the method can effectively detect bolt thread defects and locate the bolt thread defect location with wide applicability, small calculation and good real-time performance.

Traditionally, file transfer protocol (FTP) servers are major archive providers and users apply the Archie server to locate FTP archives. With the extreme popularity of the WWW, Web servers are now important archive providers and users download archives via HTTP. To reduce HTTP traffic, proxy cache servers are deployed on the Internet. However, we find the hit rate of archives in cache servers is quite low. This study proposes a combination of caching and better searching mechanisms to alleviate the problem. We enable a proxy server to automatically collect WWW and FTP archives from its cache, organize them in the form of an FTP directory, and then offer the directory list to the Archie. Accordingly, users can find archives on WWW and FTP servers through the Archie, and they can directly download archives from the proxy server, thus improving the reuse of cached archives. A system was implemented and operated in a real environment to evaluate the approach and results are discussed.

A large number of questions are posted on community question answering (CQA) websites every day. Providing a set of core questions will ease the question overload problem. These core questions should cover the main content of the original question set. There should be low redundancy within the core questions and a consistent distribution with the original question set. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

In the paper, a method named QueExt method for extracting core questions is proposed. First, questions are modeled using a biterm topic model. Then, these questions are clustered based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). With the clustering results, the number of core questions to be extracted from each cluster can be determined. Afterwards, the multi-objective PSO algorithm is proposed to extract the core questions. Both PSO algorithms are integrated with operators in genetic algorithms to avoid the local optimum.

Extensive experiments on real data collected from the famous CQA website Zhihu have been conducted and the experimental results demonstrate the superior performance over other benchmark methods.

The proposed method provides new insight into and enriches research on information overload in CQA. It performs better than other methods in extracting core short text documents, and thus provides a better way to extract core data. The PSO is a novel method used for selecting core questions. The research on the application of the PSO model is expanded. The study also contributes to research on PSO-based clustering. With the integration of K-means++, the key parameter number of clusters is optimized.

The novel core question extraction method in CQA is proposed, which provides a novel and efficient way to alleviate the question overload. The PSO model is extended and novelty used in selecting core questions. The PSO model is integrated with K-means++ method to optimize the number of clusters, which is just the key parameter in text clustering based on PSO. It provides a new way to cluster texts.

The purpose of this paper is to describe an inverse approach to estimate the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure‐viscosity index (z) in a thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) line contact.

Once the film thickness is given, the pressure distribution can be calculated using the inverse approach. Subsequently, thermal expansivity and temperature‐viscosity coefficient of lubricant are given, and then the z is guessed initially. The Gauss‐Seidel iteration is employed to calculate the temperature distribution from the rheology, energy, and surface temperature equations. In order to increase the algorithm stability, the least‐squares method must be employed to calculate the optimum value of the z in the computational domain. Furthermore, the pressure‐viscosity index must be updated by the iteration method to calculate accurate temperature distribution and apparent viscosity until convergence.

This approach presents a smooth curve of the pressure and temperature distributions with the measurement error from the resolution in the film thickness measurement and z value. Furthermore, this approach still provides a superior solution in apparent viscosity, whereas the direct method provides a much larger error in apparent viscosity.

The paper describes an inverse approach to estimate the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure‐viscosity index in a TEHL line contact. This approach overcomes the problems of pressure and temperature rise fluctuations and generates accurate results of pressure and temperature distribution from a small number of measured points of film thickness, which also saves computing time. Furthermore, this approach still provides a superior solution in apparent viscosity.

The World Wide Web (WWW) has become an extremely popular information service. Large HTTP packets result in network congestion. Proxy cache servers are widely deployed on the Internet to overcome this obstacle. However, the approach yields an undesirable phenomenon – a small set of users misuse proxy servers to mirror the entire contents of Web sites. This behavior wastes network resources, increases WWW servers’ loads, increases users’ waiting time, and violates copyrights. Approaches to designing a proxy server with WWW usage control and to making the proxy server effective on local area networks are proposed to prevent such abnormal WWW access and to prioritize WWW usage. Finally, a system, ProxyBreaker, is implemented to demonstrate the approaches. The implementation reveals that the proposed approaches are effective, such that the abnormal Web access does not reoccur.

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of online reviews on answer adoption in virtual Q&A communities, with an eye toward extending knowledge exchange and community management.

Online reviews contain rich cognitive and emotional information about community members regarding the provided answers. As feedback information on answers, it is crucial to explore how online reviews affect answer adoption. Based on signaling theory, a research model reflecting the influence of online reviews on answer adoption is established and empirically examined by using secondary data with 69,597 Q&A data and user data collected from Zhihu. Meanwhile, the moderating effects of the informational and emotional consistency of reviews and answers are examined.

The negative binomial regression results show that both answer-related signals (informational support and emotional support) and answerers-related signals (answerers’ reputations and expertise) positively impact answer adoption. The informational consistency of reviews and answers negatively moderates the relationships among information support, emotional support and answer adoption but positively moderates the effect of answerers’ expertise on answer adoption. Furthermore, the emotional consistency of reviews and answers positively moderates the effect of information support and answerers’ reputations on answer adoption.

Although previous studies have investigated the impacts of answer content, answer source credibility and personal characteristics of knowledge seekers on answer adoption in virtual Q&A communities, few have examined the impact of online reviews on answer adoption. This study explores the impacts of informational and emotional feedback in online reviews on answer adoption from a signaling theory perspective. The results not only provide unique ideas for community managers to optimize community design and operation but also inspire community users to provide or utilize knowledge, thereby reducing knowledge search costs and improving knowledge exchange efficiency.

Presents a framework for deciding on a good execution strategy for a given program based on the available data and task parallelism in the program on PC laboratory clusters. Proposes a virtual cluster scheduling scheme to take account of the relationships between tasks for task parallelism, and also processor speed, processor load and network environment to balance load for data parallelism in a PC cluster environment. The approach is very effective in terms of the overall execution time, and demonstrates the feasibility of automatic cluster assignment, processor set selection and data partition functions for data and task parallel programs.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the pure squeeze elastohydrodynamic lubrication motion of circular contacts with surface roughness under constant load conditions. The proposed model can reasonably calculate the effects of surface roughness on the transient pressure profiles, film shapes, and normal squeeze velocities during the pure squeeze process.

Based on Christensen's stochastic theory, the transient modified Reynolds equation is derived in polar coordinates to consider the effects of surface roughness. The finite difference method and the Gauss‐Seidel iteration method are used to solve the transient modified Reynolds equation, the elasticity deformation equation, load balance equation, and lubricant rheology equations simultaneously.

The simulation results reveal that the circular type roughness possesses storage oil capacity. Comparatively, the radial type roughness possesses leak oil capacity. Therefore, the film thickness is found with circular type roughness, followed by smooth, and then radial type roughness. In additional, the central dimensionless pressure is found with radial type roughness, followed by smooth, and then circular type roughness.

A numerical method for general applications with surface roughness was developed to investigate the pure squeeze action in an isothermal EHL spherical conjunction under constant load conditions, but without asperities contact.